Lessons from an Optical Illusion: On Nature and Nurture, Knowledge and Values - Softcover

[Peter] Kramer [author of Listening to Prozac] particularly enjoys books that stand on the boundary of psychiatry and philosophy. He says Lessons from an Optical Illusion...is a stunning and overlooked example. 'Hundert begins with the question of how we construct reality. He walks readers through the contributions of Kant, Descartes, and Hegel before admixing the findings of neurobiology. Hundert shows how clarifying cognitive science can be for central problems of Western philosophy.' Lingua Franca ("Breakthrough books in cognitive science") Hundert takes us on an exhilarating journey into the maze of interconnections of mind and nature, sweeping over contemporary research in a variety of fields...The ideas are clearly and forcefully presented [and] he provides laypersons and experts with a fascinating glimpse into the convergence of different perspectives on mind and nature. -- H. C. Byerly Choice A fascinating tour beyond the old nature-nurture debate to reveal the 'startling degree to which facts are our creation and values are woven into the fabric of the world.' Long Range Planning The author, a psychiatrist with credentials in clinical psychiatry and philosophy, draws on both fields and on neurophysiology to examine, in this scholarly and sophisticated text, the historical development of the nature-nurture question...For those in psychiatry, as in other fields of the behavioral sciences, the book offers a thought-provoking invitation to reassess some of these assumptions. This is a significant and unique contribution to the field of mental health that should be read by all those who work in it. -- William Hausman Readings: A Journal of Reviews and Commentary in Mental Health Breathtaking...One of the most informative, amusing, knowledgeable, and inspiring readings in the decade of the brain on its results so far. -- Christoph Mundt American Journal of Psychiatry

Facts are facts, we often say with certainty; but values--well, they're relative. But every day we are confronted with situations where these simple distinctions begin to blur--whether our concerns are the roots of crime and violence, the measure of intelligence, the causes of disease, the threat and promise of genetic engineering. Where do our "facts" end and our "values" begin? Recent developments in neuroscience have begun to shed light on this confusion, by radically revising our notions of where human nature ends and human nurture begins. As Edward Hundert--a philosopher, psychiatrist, and award-winning educator--makes clear in this eloquent interdisciplinary work, the newly emerging model for the interactions of brain and environment has enormous implications for our understanding of who we are, how we know, and what we value. Lessons from an Optical Illusion is a bold modern recasting of the age-old nature-nurture debate, informed by revolutionary insights from brain science, artificial intelligence, psychiatry, linguistics, evolutionary biology, child development, ethics, and even cosmology. As this radical new synthesis unfolds, we are introduced to characters ranging from Immanuel Kant to Gerald Edelman, from Charles Darwin to Sigmund Freud, from Jean Piaget to Stephen Hawking, from Socrates to Jonas Salk. Traversing the nature-nurture terrain, we encounter simulated robots, optical illusions, game theory, the anthropic principle, the prisoner's dilemma, and the language instinct. In the course of Hundert's wide-ranging exploration, the comfortable dichotomies that once made sense (objectivity-subjectivity, heredity-environment, fact-value) break down under sharp analysis, as he reveals the startling degree to which facts are our creations and values are woven into the fabric of the world. Armed with an updated understanding of how we became who we are and how we know what we know, readers are challenged to confront anew the eternal question of what it means to live a moral life.