When inserted into cells, or used extracellularly in special ways, micropipettes can provide channels for recording the electrical activity of single cells, even cells buried in a mass of tissue such as the brain. Micropipettes can also provide channels for injecting substances into individual cells for a variety of experimental purposes, and this is likewise a necessary step in genetic engineering. Micropipettes are thus critical tools in modern cell physiology, but many aspects of how they are best fabricated and used in various types of work have been little understood. For the last 12 years, the authors of this book have collaborated upon research in this field, a uniquely intensive and extensive effort in the subject that has provided a great deal of new and helpful information. This book reports fully their findings and insights, including much work of the last eight years that has not been described elsewhere. In treating each aspect of micropipette technique, an attempt is made to present and evaluate all noteworthy contributions within a historical context and to summarize the present status of our knowledge. Special attention is given to how each aspect of technique should be adapted to best meet the needs of particular types of research. Emphasis is also placed upon how these techniques may be extended to meet the stringent requirements of systematic and high quality intracellular work in small cells, an exceptionally broad and promising field for future work.
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IBRO Handbook Series: Methods in the Neurosciences, Volume 9 General Editor: A. D. Smith Advanced Micropipette Techniques for Cell Physiology Kenneth T. Brown and Dale G. Flaming With this Handbook Series, IBRO aims to fill a major gap in the world literature. The neuroscientist needs to be able to turn to whichever specialized method is most suited to the problem he is currently studying. Methods in the Neurosciences will help to provide expert advice on exactly how to carry out the experiments, on what difficulties can occur and on the limitations of the method. Fine glass micropipettes are extensively used in intra and extra–cellular physiology as a means of recording electrical activity in cells and as a way of injecting a variety of substances for experimental purposes. For the last 12 years the authors of this book have treated micropipette techniques as a research field in itself, and here present for the first time their theory of how micropipette tips are formed, their methods of reducing tip size, and the implications of their work for research on small cells of all kinds, especially cells within the central nervous system. The book not only incorporates this new work but reviews and analyses existing publications on micropipette methodology, including patch–clamping, in order to present as complete an account as possible of how micropipettes can be used efficiently and effectively in a wide variety of experimental situations.
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