Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor

ALEXANDER M. MEYSTEL, PhD, is Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

JAMES S. ALBUS, PhD, is Senior NIST Fellow in the Intelligent Systems Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

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A cutting-edge, multidisciplinary framework for intelligent systems

While intelligence is a difficult concept to comprehend, research into its mechanisms and functions is rapidly exploding in both biological and artificial systems. This book introduces an original model of intelligent systems, integrating knowledge from diverse sources and developing a general theory that can be used for the analysis of all kinds of highly complex systems, from whole economies to integrated manufacturing.

Intelligence as a computational phenomenon dwells upon grouping, focusing attention, and combinatorial search as its fundamental operators. In this groundbreaking work, Alex Meystel and James Albus, two of the foremost authorities in the field, draw on two decades of testing the theory in robots and other smart machines. (Dr. Meystel developed an autonomous Dune-Buggy in 1983-1987; Dr. Albus's work forms the basis for the control system used in the Army Demo III Experimental Unmanned Ground Vehicle program, 1997-present.) Special coverage of the NIST-RCS (Real-time Control System) model is also featured in this liberally illustrated and clearly written book.

Focusing on intelligence as a computational phenomenon with a multiresolutional architecture, Intelligent Systems: Architecture, Design, and Control promises to dramatically influence future research and development in intelligence worldwide. It is a one-of-a-kind resource for scientists, engineers, and anyone wishing to explore the contemporary theory and tools of computational intelligence.

Aus dem Klappentext

A cutting-edge, multidisciplinary framework for intelligent systems

While intelligence is a difficult concept to comprehend, research into its mechanisms and functions is rapidly exploding in both biological and artificial systems. This book introduces an original model of intelligent systems, integrating knowledge from diverse sources and developing a general theory that can be used for the analysis of all kinds of highly complex systems, from whole economies to integrated manufacturing.

Intelligence as a computational phenomenon dwells upon grouping, focusing attention, and combinatorial search as its fundamental operators. In this groundbreaking work, Alex Meystel and James Albus, two of the foremost authorities in the field, draw on two decades of testing the theory in robots and other smart machines. (Dr. Meystel developed an autonomous Dune-Buggy in 1983-1987; Dr. Albus's work forms the basis for the control system used in the Army Demo III Experimental Unmanned Ground Vehicle program, 1997-present.) Special coverage of the NIST-RCS (Real-time Control System) model is also featured in this liberally illustrated and clearly written book.

Focusing on intelligence as a computational phenomenon with a multiresolutional architecture, Intelligent Systems: Architecture, Design, and Control promises to dramatically influence future research and development in intelligence worldwide. It is a one-of-a-kind resource for scientists, engineers, and anyone wishing to explore the contemporary theory and tools of computational intelligence.

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Intelligent Systems

John Wiley & Sons

Contents

PREFACE..............................................................................................................................xvii1 INTELLIGENCE IN NATURAL AND CONSTRUCTED SYSTEMS11.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................11.2 Brief Overview of the Evolving Concepts of Mind and Intelligence.................................................................41.3 Intelligent Systems: Can We Distinguish Them from Nonintelligent Systems?........................................................121.4 Intelligence: Product and Tool of Behavior and Communication.....................................................................161.5 Evolution of Automatisms.........................................................................................................201.6 From Agent to Multiscale Communities of Agents...................................................................................241.6.1 The Concept of "Agents" and Its Place in the State of the Art..................................................................241.7 Cognitive Agents and Architectures...............................................................................................29References...........................................................................................................................32Problems.............................................................................................................................362 THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS..........................................................................................................382.1 Mathematical Framework of the Architectures for Intelligent Systems..............................................................382.2 Formal Model of Intelligent Systems and Processes................................................................................422.3 Necessary Terminology and Assumptions............................................................................................602.4 Construction and Properties of Objects...........................................................................................672.5 Extracting Entities from Reality.................................................................................................702.6 Grouping + Filtering + Search: The Elementary Unit of Self-Organization..........................................................802.7 Relative Intelligence and Its Evolution..........................................................................................832.8 On the Resemblances among Processes of Structuring in Nature and Representation..................................................872.9 Semiotic Framework of the Architectures for Intelligent Systems..................................................................89References...........................................................................................................................96Problems.............................................................................................................................973 KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION..........................................................................................................1003.1 Problem of Representing the Natural World........................................................................................1003.2 What Is Knowledge?...............................................................................................................1083.3 Knowledge Representation in the Brain: Acquiring Automatisms.....................................................................1153.4 Sensory and Symbolic Representations in the Brain................................................................................1173.5 Reference Frame, Imagination, and Insight........................................................................................1203.6 Principles of Knowledge Representation, Entities, and Relational Structures......................................................1213.7 Multiresolutional Character of Knowledge and Its Complexity......................................................................1473.8 Virtual Phenomena of Knowledge Representation....................................................................................151References...........................................................................................................................153Problems.............................................................................................................................1564 REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE............................................................................................................1584.1 Components of a Reference Architecture...........................................................................................1584.2 Evolution of the Reference Architecture for Intelligent Systems..................................................................1604.3 Hierarchy with Horizontal "In Level" Connections.................................................................................1634.4 Levels of Resolution.............................................................................................................1654.5 Neural Components of the Architecture............................................................................................1694.6 Behavior-Generating Hierarchy....................................................................................................1714.7 Analysis of Multiresolutional Architectures......................................................................................1724.8 Agent-Based Reference Architectures..............................................................................................180References...........................................................................................................................184Problems.............................................................................................................................1865 MOTIVATIONS, GOALS, AND VALUE JUDGMENT............................................................................................1885.1 Internal Needs versus External Goals.............................................................................................1885.2 Value Judgments..................................................................................................................1995.3 Achieving the Goal: Optimization via the Calculus of Variations..................................................................207References...........................................................................................................................218Problems.............................................................................................................................2196 SENSORY PROCESSING................................................................................................................2206.1 In-level and Inter-level Processes...............................................................................................2206.2 Sensory Processing as a Module of the Level......................................................................................2286.3 Hierarchy of Sensory...