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Upside Down: A Primer for the Looking-Glass World - Softcover

Galeano, Eduardo

 
9780312420314: Upside Down: A Primer for the Looking-Glass World

Inhaltsangabe

In a series of mock lesson plans and a "program of study" Galeano provides an eloquent, passionate, funny and shocking exposé of First World privileges and assumptions. From a master class in "The Impunity of Power" to a seminar on "The Sacred Car"-with tips along the way on "How to Resist Useless Vices" and a declaration of the "The Right to Rave"-he surveys a world unevenly divided between abundance and deprivation, carnival and torture, power and helplessness.

We have accepted a "reality" we should reject, he writes, one where poverty kills, people are hungry, machines are more precious than humans, and children work from dark to dark. In the North, we are fed on a diet of artificial need and all made the same by things we own; the South is the galley slave enabling our greed.

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Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor

Eduardo Galeano (1940-2015) is one of Latin America's most admired writers, as well as a distinguished journalist and historian. Winner of the first Lannan Foundation Cultural Freedom Prize in 1998, he is the author of Upside Down, the Memory of Fire trilogy (for which he won the 1989 American Book Award), Open Veins of Latin America, and many other works. He lived in Montevideo, Uruguay.

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Upside Down

A Primer for the Looking-Glass World

By Eduardo Galeano, Mark Fried

Picador

Copyright © 1998 Eduardo Galeano
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-312-42031-4

Contents

Title Page,
Copyright Notice,
Dedication,
Ladies and Gentlemen, Come On In!,
A Message to Parents,
If Alice Were to Return,
The Looking-Glass School,
Educating by Example,
The Students,
Injustice 101,
Racism and Sexism 101,
Lectures on Fear,
The Teaching of Fear,
The Industry of Fear,
Sewing: How to Make Enemies to Measure,
Seminar on Ethics,
Practicum: How to Make Friends and Succeed in Life,
Lessons for Resisting Useless Vices,
Master Class on Impunity,
Case Studies,
Hunters of People,
Exterminators of the Planet,
The Sacred Car,
A Pedagogy of Solitude,
Lessons from Consumer Society,
Crash Course on Incommunications,
The Counterschool,
The End of the Millennium as Promise and Betrayal,
The Right to Rave,
Sources Consulted,
Index,
Also by Eduardo Galeano,
Praise for Eduardo Galeano's Upside Down,
Copyright,


CHAPTER 1

If you decide to train your dog, congratulations on your decision. You will soon discover that the roles of master and dog are perfectly clear. — Ralston Purina International


THE LOOKING-GLASS SCHOOL

* Educating by Example

* The Students

* Injustice 101

* Racism and Sexism 101


Educating by Example

The looking-glass school is the most democratic of educational institutions. There are no admissions exams, no registration fees, and courses are offered free to everyone everywhere on earth as well as in heaven. It's not for nothing that this school is the child of the first system in history to rule the world.

In the looking-glass school, lead learns to float and cork to sink. Snakes learn to fly and clouds drag themselves along the ground.


MODELS OF SUCCESS

The upside-down world rewards in reverse: it scorns honesty, punishes work, prizes lack of scruples, and feeds cannibalism. Its professors slander nature: injustice, they say, is a law of nature. Milton Friedman teaches us about the "natural rate of unemployment." Studying Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, we learn that blacks remain on the lowest rungs of the social ladder by "natural" law. From John D. Rockefeller's lectures, we know his success was due to the fact that "nature" rewards the fittest and punishes the useless: more than a century later, the owners of the world continue to believe Charles Darwin wrote his books in their honor.

Survival of the fittest? The "killer instinct" is an essential ingredient for getting ahead, a human virtue when it helps large companies digest small and strong countries devour weak but proof of bestiality when some jobless guy goes around with a knife in his fist. Those stricken with "antisocial pathology," the dangerous insanity afflicting all poor people, find inspiration in the models of good health exhibited by those who succeed. Lowlifes learn their skills by setting their sights on the summits. They study the examples of the winners and, for better or worse, do their best to live up to them. But "the damned will always be damned," as Don Emilio Azcárraga, once lord and master of Mexican television, liked to say. The chances that a banker who loots a bank can enjoy the fruits of his labor in peace are directly proportional to the chances that a crook who robs a bank will land in jail or the cemetery.

When a criminal kills someone for an unpaid debt, the execution is called a "settling of accounts." When the international technocracy settles accounts with an indebted country, the execution is called an "adjustment plan." Financial capos kidnap countries and suck them dry even when they pay the ransom: in comparison, most thugs are about as dangerous as Dracula in broad daylight. The world economy is the most efficient expression of organized crime. The international bodies that control currency, trade, and credit practice international terrorism against poor countries, and against the poor of all countries, with a cold-blooded professionalism that would make the best of the bomb throwers blush.

The arts of trickery, which con men practice by stalking the gullible on the street, become sublime when certain politicians put their talents to work. In the shantytown nations of the world, heads of state sell off the remnants of their countries at fire-sale prices, just as in the shantytowns of cities criminals unload their booty for peanuts.

Hired guns do much the same work, albeit at retail, as the generals whose wholesale crimes get billed as acts of glory. Pickpockets lurking on street corners practice a low-tech version of the art of speculators who fleece the multitudes by computer. The worst violators of nature and human rights never go to jail. They hold the keys. In the world as it is, the looking-glass world, the countries that guard the peace also make and sell the most weapons. The most prestigious banks launder the most drug money and harbor the most stolen cash. The most successful industries are the most poisonous for the planet. And saving the environment is the brilliant endeavor of the very companies that profit from annihilating it. Those who kill the most people in the shortest time win immunity and praise, as do those who destroy the most nature at the lowest cost.

Walking is risky and breathing a challenge in the great cities of the looking-glass world. Whoever is not a prisoner of necessity is a prisoner of fear, deprived of sleep by anxiety over the things he lacks or by terror of losing the things he has. The looking-glass world trains us to view our neighbor as a threat, not a promise. It condemns us to solitude and consoles us with chemical drugs and cybernetic friends. We are sentenced to die of hunger, fear, or boredom — that is, if a stray bullet doesn't do the job first.

Is the freedom to choose among these unfortunate ends the only freedom left to us? The looking-glass school teaches us to suffer reality, not change it; to forget the past, not learn from it; to accept the future, not invent it. In its halls of criminal learning, impotence, amnesia, and resignation are required courses. Yet perhaps — who can say — there can be no disgrace without grace, no sign without a countersign, and no school that does not beget its counterschool.


The Students

Day after day, children are denied the right to be children. The world treats rich kids as if they were money, teaching them to act the way money acts. The world treats poor kids as if they were garbage, to turn them into garbage. And those in the middle, neither rich nor poor, are chained to televisions and trained to live the life of prisoners.

The few children who manage to be children must have a lot of magic and a lot of luck.


TOP, BOTTOM, AND MIDDLE

In the ocean of desperation, there are islands of privilege, luxurious concentration camps where the powerful meet only the powerful and never, for even a moment, forget how powerful they are. In some Latin American cities where kidnappings have become commonplace, rich kids grow up sealed inside bubbles of fear. They live in fortresslike mansions or groups of homes ringed by electrified fences and guardhouses, watched day and night by bodyguards and closed-circuit security cameras. They travel like money in armored cars. They don't know their own...

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