The Ark and Beyond: The Evolution of Zoo and Aquarium Conservation (Convening Science: Discovery at the Marine Biological Laboratory) - Softcover

Buch 2 von 4: Convening Science: Discovery at the Marine Biological Laboratory

Rabb, George

 
9780226538464: The Ark and Beyond: The Evolution of Zoo and Aquarium Conservation (Convening Science: Discovery at the Marine Biological Laboratory)
Softcover
ISBN 10: 022653846X ISBN 13: 9780226538464
Verlag: University of Chicago Press, 2018

Inhaltsangabe

Scores of wild species and ecosystems around the world face a variety of human-caused threats, from habitat destruction and fragmentation to rapid climate change. But there is hope, and it, too, comes in a most human form: zoos and aquariums. Gathering a diverse, multi-institutional collection of leading zoo and aquarium scientists as well as historians, philosophers, biologists, and social scientists, The Ark and Beyond traces the history and underscores the present role of these organizations as essential conservation actors. It also offers a framework for their future course, reaffirming that if zoos and aquariums make biodiversity conservation a top priority, these institutions can play a vital role in tackling conservation challenges of global magnitude.

While early menageries were anything but the centers of conservation that many zoos are today, a concern with wildlife preservation has been an integral component of the modern, professionally run zoo since the nineteenth century. From captive breeding initiatives to rewilding programs, zoos and aquariums have long been at the cutting edge of research and conservation science, sites of impressive new genetic and reproductive techniques. Today, their efforts reach even further beyond recreation, with educational programs, community-based conservation initiatives, and international, collaborative programs designed to combat species extinction and protect habitats at a range of scales. Addressing related topics as diverse as zoo animal welfare, species reintroductions, amphibian extinctions, and whether zoos can truly be “wild,” this book explores the whole range of research and conservation practices that spring from zoos and aquariums while emphasizing the historical, scientific, and ethical traditions that shape these efforts. Also featuring an inspiring foreword by the late George Rabb, president emeritus of the Chicago Zoological Society / Brookfield Zoo, The Ark and Beyond illuminates these institutions’ growing significance to the preservation of global biodiversity in this century.

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Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor

Ben A. Minteer holds the Arizona Zoological Society Endowed Chair in the School of Life Sciences at Arizona State University. He is coeditor most recently of After Preservation: Saving American Nature in the Age of Humans, also published by the University of Chicago Press. Jane Maienschein is university professor in the School of Life Sciences at Arizona State University and fellow and director of the History and Philosophy of Science Project at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. She is coeditor most recently of Visions of Cell Biology: Reflections Inspired by Cowdry’s “General Cytology,” also in the Convening Science series and published by the University of Chicago Press. James P. Collins is the Virginia M. Ullman Professor of Natural History and the Environment in the School of Life Sciences at Arizona State University. He is coauthor of Extinction in Our Times: Global Amphibian Decline.

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The Ark and Beyond

The Evolution of Zoo and Aquarium Conservation

By Ben A. Minteer, Jane Maienschein, James P. Collins

The University of Chicago Press

Copyright © 2018 The University of Chicago
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-226-53846-4

Contents

Foreword by George Rabb, 
Introduction Zoo and Aquarium Conservation: Past, Present, Future Ben A. Minteer, Jane Maienschein, and James P. Collins, 
PART 1 PROTOCONSERVATION IN EARLY EUROPEAN ZOOS, 
1 Animals in Circulation: The "Prehistory" of Modern Zoos Anita Guerrini and Michael A. Osborne, 
2 The World as Zoo: Acclimatization in the Nineteenth Century Harriet Ritvo, 
PART 2 THE RISE OF US ZOO AND AQUARIUM CONSERVATION IN THE NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURIES, 
3 Historic and Cultural Foundations of Zoo Conservation: A Narrative Timeline Vernon N. Kisling Jr., 
4 Teetering on the Brink of Extinction: The Passenger Pigeon, the Bison, and American Zoo Culture in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries Mark V. Barrow Jr., 
5 American Zoos: A Shifting Balance between Recreation and Conservation Pamela M. Henson, 
6 (Re)Introducing the Przewalski's Horse Nigel Rothfels, 
7 Conservation Constellations: Aquariums in Aquatic Conservation Networks Samantha Muka, 
PART 3 ZOO AND AQUARIUM CONSERVATION TODAY: VISIONS AND PROGRAMS, 
8 Committing to Conservation: Can Zoos and Aquariums Deliver on Their Promise? Rick Barongi, 
9 Saving Animals from Extinction (SAFE): Unifying the Conservation Approach of AZA-Accredited Zoos and Aquariums Shelly Grow, Debborah Luke, and Jackie Ogden, 
10 Integrating Ex Situ Management Options as Part of a One Plan Approach to Species Conservation Kathy Traylor-Holzer, Kristin Leus, and Onnie Byers, 
11 Zoos and Gorilla Conservation: Have We Moved beyond a Piecemeal Approach? Kristen E. Lukas and Tara S. Stoinski, 
12 Lessons from Thirty-One Years at the Monterey Bay Aquarium and Reflections on Aquariums' Expanding Role in Conservation Action Margaret Spring, 
13 The Phoenix Zoo Story: Building a Legacy of Conservation Ruth A. Allard and Stuart A. Wells, 
PART 4 CARING FOR NATURE: WELFARE, WELLNESS, AND NATURAL CONNECTIONS, 
14 Bears or Butterflies? How Should Zoos Make Value-Driven Decisions about Their Collections? Clare Palmer, T. J. Kasperbauer, and Peter Sandøe, 
15 Why Zoos Have Animals: Exploring the Complex Pathway from Experiencing Animals to Pro-environmental Behaviors Alejandro Grajal, Jerry F. Luebke, and Lisa-Anne DeGregoria Kelly, 
16 People in the Zoo: A Social Context for Conservation Susan Clayton and Khoa D. Le Nguyen, 
17 From Sad Zoo to Happy Zoo: The Changing Animal Welfare and Conservation Priorities of the Seoul Zoo in South Korea Anne S. Clay, 
18 Wildlife Wellness: A New Ethical Frontier for Zoos and Aquariums Terry L. Maple and Valerie D. Segura, 
19 Zoos and Sustainability: Can Zoos Go beyond Ethical Individualism to Protect Resilient Systems? Bryan G. Norton, 
PART 5 THE SCIENCE AND CHALLENGE OF THE CONSERVATION ARK, 
20 Opportunities and Challenges for Conserving Small Populations: An Emerging Role for Zoos in Genetic Rescue Oliver A. Ryder, 
21 Cloning in the Zoo: When Zoos Become Parents Carrie Friese, 
22 Advancing Laboratory-Based Zoo Research to Enhance Captive Breeding of Southern White Rhinoceros Christopher W. Tubbs, 
23 Beyond the Walls: Applied Field Research for the Twenty-First-Century Public Aquarium and Zoo Charles R. Knapp, 
24 Frogs in Glass Boxes: Responses of Zoos to Global Amphibian Extinctions Joseph R. Mendelson III, 
PART 6 ALTERNATIVE MODELS AND FUTURES, 
25 Sustaining Wildlife Populations in Human Care: An Existential Value Proposition for Zoos Steven L. Monfort and Catherine A. Christen, 
26 Reflections on Zoos and Aquariums and the Role of the Regional Biopark Craig Ivanyi and Debra Colodner, 
27 Today's Awe-Inspiring Design, Tomorrow's Plexiglas Dinosaur: How Public Aquariums Contradict Their Conservation Mandate in Pursuit of Immersive Underwater Displays Stefan Linquist, 
28 Zoo Conservation Disembarks: Stepping off the Ark and into Global Sustainable Development Adrián Cerezo and Kelly E. Kapsar, 
29 Rewilding the Lifeboats Harry W. Greene, 
30 The Parallax Zoo Ben A. Minteer, 
Acknowledgments, 
Notes, 
References, 
Contributors, 
Index,


CHAPTER 1

Animals in Circulation: The "Prehistory" of Modern Zoos

Anita Guerrini and Michael A. Osborne


INTRODUCTION

Humans have collected and displayed nonhuman animals for at least twenty-five hundred years. Some of this history is recorded in the works of Gustave Loisel and Vernon N. Kisling (Loisel 1912; Kisling 2000a). The prehistory of modern zoos encompasses Roman arenas, Hannibal's elephants, and pet monkeys. What these animals have in common, and what they share with the inhabitants of many later menageries and zoos, is that they are classified as exotic: foreign rather than local. These animals were also for the most part wild rather than domesticated, but their essential quality was their foreignness. Dogs and cats as well as apes and monkeys served as pets for ancient Greeks and Romans, but the latter enjoyed much higher status. Exotic animals represented power, both political and social.

At the same time, such animals also held what we would now call scientific significance. Alexander the Great collected animals during his military campaigns to gain prestige, but he also sent many to his former tutor Aristotle for analysis. If there is not a concept of conservation in the modern ecological sense in such collecting, there is a concept of these animals as rare and worthy of study.

The intertwining identities of exotic animals as status objects and as scientific objects continued through premodern history, establishing an instrumentalist perspective on animals that persists today. In other words, animals held value insofar as they were useful and beneficial to humans, whether as pets, food, or transportation or as objects of research. Exotic animals held particular value. As such, their preservation and conservation demanded particular attention, and menageries provided the conditions for their survival in the alien environments of Europe. By the twelfth century, many European monarchs had menageries filled with the spoils of the Crusades and the gifts of diplomatic exchange. The menagerie at the Tower of London began in 1235 with a gift of three leopards from the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II to the English king Henry III. Frederick himself had three menageries. The value of these animals was in their rarity and foreignness, and also in their provenance as diplomatic gifts. The greatest prize in Henry III's menagerie was an elephant presented to him in 1255 by the king of France (Hahn 2003, 13–14). Early modern zoos continued to be the affair of royalty and aristocracy. Neither public education nor conservation in the modern sense of species survival was central to their aims. As we will see below, this changed at the end of the eighteenth century as the modern zoo developed out of its aristocratic origins. Our examples are drawn mainly from France but illustrate the wider European development of zoos. The "prehistory" of the modern zoo reveals underlying contradictions and tensions that continue to figure in modern discourse on zoos as well as in other human uses of animals. The modern, conservation-oriented zoo is a product of its history, both recent and not so...

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Verlag
University of Chicago Press
Erscheinungsdatum
2018
Sprache
Englisch
ISBN 10 
022653846X
ISBN 13 
9780226538464
Einband
Taschenbuch
Anzahl der Seiten
468
Herausgeber
Minteer Ben A., Maienschein Jane, Collins James P.
Kontakt zum Hersteller
Nicht verfügbar
Verantwortliche Person
Nicht verfügbar

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