Inhaltsangabe
This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1921. Excerpt: ... CHAPTER VIII. THE GAS LAWS Boyle's Law Of the three forms of matter, gases are most affected in volume by changes in temperature or pressure. This is because gases by their nature are more loosely constructed than the other forms of matter, having relatively much larger distances between the particles making up the mass than do solids or liquids. Gases are composed ultimately of immeasurably minute particles called molecules (see page 6), which are constantly in motion, with high velocity, in all directions. These molecules in gases travel in straight lines, changing their directions only when they collide with other molecules or with surfaces they cannot penetrate. When such collisions with surfaces take place, since the molecules are moving and have mass (that is, are composed of matter), the surfaces are subjected to a constant bombardment which tends to set them in motion. When the surfaces are rigid and fail to move under this bombardment, it is because they are opposing the forces of the molecules with an equal opposite force. Consequently, when a gas is inclosed in a vessel, the gas is confined under pressure, the result of resistance to motion by the walls of the vessel. If without changing the temperature of the gas, it is forced by some means to occupy only half the volume it originally filled, there will be just twice as many particles striking a given area of surface of the walls of the vessel in a given time. In order to remain in place, the wall must exert twice as much pressure against the gas. In other words, the pressure has been doubled, when the gas volume is reduced to one half. If we triple the effort of the walls of the vessel against the inclosed gas, the gas is forced to occupy one third of its original volume. This relationship ho...
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