A Practical Guide to Solaris - Softcover

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Mark G. Sobell is president of Sobell Associates Inc., a consulting firm that specializes in UNIX/Linux training, support, and custom software development. He is the author of many best-selling UNIX and Linux books and has more than twenty-five years of experience working with UNIX and Linux.

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Written by best-selling author Mark G. Sobell, A Practical Guide to Solaris enables both novice and experienced users to quickly learn Sun Microsystems' popular Solaris operating system. Designed to maximize accessibility, the book is divided into three parts. Part I is a tutorial that brings novice users--those with no UNIX/Solaris background, or no programming experience at all--quickly up to speed. Part II is geared toward intermediate and advanced users. Part III is a comprehensive reference guide covering more than ninety Solaris utilities with a clarity of explanation and range of examples not available from any other source.

A Practical Guide to Solaris provides invaluable information on the following:

• Solaris 7 (a.k.a. Solaris 2.7), as well as Solaris 2.6 and earlier versions for Intel and SPARC hardware. For beginning and experienced end users and C and shell programmers using either a command line or GUI interface.
• Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). Learning and using the X Window System and the CDE and OpenLook desktop managers. Offers extensive discussions of CDE and X customization.
• Networking, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. Explains what a network is, how it works, and how you can use it. Discusses types of networks, network implementations, distributed computing, how to use the network for communicating with other users, and using various networking utilities (such as rcp, telnet, ftp, nslookup, and more).
• Shells. Describes how to use the Bourne (sh), C (csh), and Korn (ksh) Shells as interactive command interpreters and as programming languages so you can write shell scripts. Extensive coverage of builtin commands, shell variables, options, customization, functions, and programming techniques.
• System Administration. Covers system operation from SPARC PROM mode/booting an Intel x86 through multiuser mode; types of files, including
• symbolic links and special files; adding and removing users, printers, devices and drivers; installing software, sharing and backing up filesystems, network services, system reports (sar, iostat, and more) and admintool; installing patches and system software; and problem solving.
• Programming Tools and Concepts. Covers both the Solaris (cc) and GNU (gcc) C compilers, debugging (lint and gcc warnings), shared libraries, make, SCCS, and more.

• Examples. Both interactive and shell script examples are used throughout Parts I and II to provide added insight into Solaris features. Part III includes examples of more than ninety Solaris utilities.
• Tutorials. Step-by-step tutorials cover the vi, dtpad (CDE), and textedit (OpenLook) text editors; the dtmail (CDE), mailtool (OpenLook), and pine mail programs; the pine and Netscape newsreaders; the Netscape browser; and how to use a search engine. All tutorials are illustrated with real-world examples so you can practice as you read.
• Appendixes and Glossary. These cover regular expressions, POSIX standards, and security. The Help! appendix provides assistance on using your hardware and for locating, downloading, and installing Sun, public, and GNU software (including gzip and gcc).
• A Web site (www.sobell.com). Maintained by the author, this site provides help in locating Solaris documentation, software, patches, and free items, as well as corrections to, and downloadable examples from, this book.

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A Practical Guide to Solaris Mark Sobell Contents Preface xlv Audience xlv Benefits xlv Scope of Coverage and Features xlvi Parts I, II, and III l Supplements liii Thanks liii Part I Introduction to Solaris Chapter 1 The Solaris Operating System 3

The Heritage of UNIX 3 Whatms So Good about Solaris? 4

System Features 4 Standards 4 Binary Compatibility 4 The Standardization of UNIX 5 How Can UNIX Run on Different Computers/Processors? 5 The C Programming Language 5 Overview of Solaris 6 Solaris Has a Kernel Programming Interface 6 Supports Many Tasks at One Time 6 Supports Many Users at One Time 7 Solaris Provides a Hierarchical Filesystem with Builtin Security 7 The Shell Is a Command Interpreter and Programming Language 8 Filename Generation 8 Device-Independent Input and Output 8 Shell Functions 8 Job Control 9 A Large Collection of Useful Utilities 9 Interprocess Communication 9 System Administration 9 Additional Features of Solaris 10 Graphical User Interfaces 10 (Inter)networking Utilities 10 Software Development 11 Screen-Oriented and Graphical Editors 11 Advanced Electronic Mail 11 GNU/FSF 12 Summary 12 Review Exercises 13 Chapter 2 Getting Started 15 Before You Start 15 Name and Version of the Operating System 16 Conventions 16 Keys and Characters 16 Utility Names 16 Filenames 17 Shell and Builtin and Variable Names 17

Items You Enter 17 Prompts and RETURNs 17 Optional Information 18 Solaris2 Designation 18 Logging In 18 Graphical User Interface (GUI) 18 Character-Based Interface 19 Incorrect Login 20 The Shell 21 Logging Out 21 Terminal Emulation and telnet 21 Superuser 22 Correcting Mistakes 23 Erasing a Character 23 Deleting a Word 23 Deleting a Line 24 Aborting Execution 24 passwd: Changing Your Password 24 Documentation 26 AnswerBook2 26 man and xman: Displaying the System Manual 27 Editing a File 29 Tutorial: dtpad: Creating and Editing a File 30 Correcting Mistakes 30 Moving the Cursor 31 Highlighting Text 31 Saving a File 31 Ending an Editing Session 32 Tutorial: textedit: Creating and Editing a File 32 Getting Started 32 Correcting Mistakes 33 Moving the Cursor 33 Highlighting Text 33 Saving a File 33 Ending an Editing Session 34 Basic Utilities 34 ls: Listing the Contents of a Directory 34 cat: Displaying a Text File 34 pg or more: Displaying a Long Text File 35 rm: Deleting a File 35 hostname: Displaying a Machine Name 36 Quoting Special Characters 36 Summary 37 Review Exercises 38 Advanced Review Exercises 39 Chapter 3 The Solaris Utilities 41 Working with Files 41 cp: Copy a File 41 mv: Change the Name of a File 42 lp: Print a File 43 grep: Find a String 43 head: Display the Beginning of a File 44 tail: Display the End of a File 45 sort: Display a File in Order 45 uniq: Remove Duplicate Lines in a File 45 diff: Compare Two Files 46 file: Test the Contents of a File 46 unix2dos: Convert Solaris Files to DOS/Windows Format 46 Three Useful Utilities 47 echo: Display Text 47 date: Display the Time and Date 47 script: Record a Solaris Session 47 Compressing and Archiving Files 48 compress: Shrink a File 49 uncompress, zcat: Expand a File 50 tar: Pack and Unpack a File 50 Locating Commands 53 which, whereis: Locate Utilities 53 apropos: Search for Keywords 54 Obtaining User and System Information 55 who: List Users on the System 55 finger: List Users on the System 56 w: List Users 57 Communicating with Other Users 58 write: Send a Message 58 talk: Communicate with Another User 59 mesg: Deny or Accept Messages 60 Electronic Mail 61 Similarities between dtmail and mailtool 61 Tutorial: Using dtmail or mailtool to Send and Receive Electronic Mail 62 Reading Mail 62 Sending Mail 63

Header 63 Alias 64 Tutorial: Using pine to Send and Receive Electronic Mail 65 Getting Started 65 Sending Mail 66 Receiving Mail 68 Sending Mail to More Than One Person 69 Network Addresses 70 Summary 70 Review Exercises 72 Advanced Review Exercises 73 Chapter 4 The Solaris Filesystem 75 The Hierarchical Filesystem 75 Using the Hierarchical Filesystem 76 Directory and Ordinary Files 76 Filenames 77 Filename Extensions 78 Invisible Filenames 78 mkdir: Create a Directory 78 cd: Change to Another Working Directory 79 The Working Directory 79 Significance of the Working Directory 80 Your Home Directory 80 Startup Files 81 Absolute Pathnames 81 Relative Pathnames 82 The . and .. Directory Entries 83 Important Standard Directories and Files 83 Working with Directories 86 rmdir: Delete a Directory 86 Using Pathnames 86 Special Pathnames 87 mv, cp: Move or Copy a File 88 mv: Move a Directory 88 Access Permissions 88 ls ql: Display Permissions 89 chmod: Change Access Permissions 90

Setuid and Setgid Permissions 90 Directory Access Permissions 91 Links 92 ln: Create a Link 94 cp versus ln 94 Symbolic Links 96 Creating a Symbolic Link 96 Using Symbolic Links to Change Directories 97 Symbolically Linked Directories under the Bourne and C Shells 97 Symbolically Linked Directories under the Korn Shell 97 rm: Remove a Link 98 Summary 98 Review Exercises 99 Advanced Review Exercises 101 Chapter 5 The Shell I 103 The Command Line 103 Syntax 103 Command Name 104 Arguments 104 Options 104 Processing the Command Line 105 Executing the Command Line 106 Standard Input and Standard Output 106 The Window/Terminal as a File 107 The Window/Terminal as Standard Input and Standard Output 107 Redirection 108 Redirecting Standard Output 109 Redirecting Standard Input 110 Appending Standard Output to a File 112 /dev/null 113 Pipes 113 Filters 115 tee: Sending Output in Two Directions 115 Running a Program in the Background 116 Filename Generation/Pathname Expansion 118 The ? Special Character 119 The k Special Character 120 The [] Special Characters 121 Summary 123 Review Exercises 123 Advanced Review Exercises 125 Part II Intermediate/Advanced Solaris Chapter 6 Graphical User Interfaces 129 What Is a GUI? 129 Using a GUI 130 Logging In 131

Menus 132 Dialog Boxes 132 Screen Layout 133 Window Manager 133 Desktop Manager 133 Workspace Manager 134 CDE Desktop Manager 134 Front Panel 135 Title Bar 138 Common OperationssMenus 138 Window Menu 138 Workspace Menu 139 Logging Out 139 Working with Windows 139 Closing a Window 139 Opening a Terminal Emulator Window 140 Moving a Window 141 Resizing a Window 141 Raising and Lowering Windows 142 Scrolling Text 142 Motif Scroll Bar 143 Athena Scroll Bar 143 OpenLook Scroll Bar 144 Using Icons 145 File Manager 145 The View Menu 149 The View/Set View Options Window 149 Properties 150 Copying and Pasting Text 151 X Window System 153 X Window System Window Managers 154 X Window System and Solaris 154 Bringing Up the X Server 156 Remote Computing and Local Displays 156 Local X Server, Remote Display 157 Local Display, Remote X Server 158 Stopping the X Server 159 Customizing Your X Work Environment 159 Remapping Mouse Buttons 159 Customizing X Applications on the Command Line 160 Setting X Resources 161 Customizing CDE 163 Style Manager Tools 163 Color Window 163 Font Window 164 Backdrop Window 164 Keyboard Window 164 Mouse Window 164 Beep Window 165 Screen Window 165 Window Window 165 Startup Window 166 .dtprofile 166 Building Menus 167 Actions 170 Front Panel 172 Login Manager 172 Session Manager 172 Initialization Files 173 Login Screen 173 Issuing Commands before and after the Session 174 Session Setup 175 OpenLook Window Manager 176 Workspace Menu 177

File Manager 178 Customizing the Desktop 178 Saving the Desktop 178 Help Viewer 179 Customizing Menus 179 Application Preferences 181 X Applications 181 Summary 183 Review Exercises 184 Chapter 7 Networking and the Internet 185 Network Services 187 Intranets 187 Common Types of Networks 188 Local Area Networks (LANs) 189 Ethernet 189 Wide Area Networks (WANs) 190 Internetworking through Gateways and Routers 190 Network Protocols 191

Host Addresses 193 Subnets 195 Communicating over the Network 198 finger: Learn about Remote Users 198 Sending Mail to a Remote User 200 talk:...