This quartet was written upon the request of Jean Stewart, a friend of Vaughan Williams's and professional viola player, and in light of this the viola part is prominent throughout. The first three movements are among the composer's darkest output: turbulent, bleak, and menacing by turn. The final movement, however, reaches a sound world of warmth and serenity reminiscent of the finale of the Fifth Symphony (the composition of this work fell between the Fifth and Sixth Symphonies, a fact that is reflected in the music language). The quartet is also influenced by Vaughan Williams's film music: the final movement is subtitled 'Greetings from Joan to Jean', in reference to the fact that the main theme was originally intended for the score of a film about Joan of Arc. The second movement, meanwhile, takes its theme from music for an escape scene in The 49th Parallel.
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Ralph Vaughan Williams, born in Gloucestershire on 12 October 1872, read History at Cambridge and went to the Royal College of Music where his teachers were Parry, Wood, and Stanford. Vaughan Williams believed in the value of music education and wrote practical competition pieces, serviceable church music, and with the 49th Parallel (1940-41) he found a new outlet in writing for film. His profoundly disturbing Symphony No.6 (1948) received international acclaim with more than a hundred performances in a little over two years. His great sensitivity to the 20th-century human condition, his flexibility in writing for all levels of music making, and his unquestionably great imagination combine to make him one of the key figures in 20th century music. Ralph Vaughan Williams had a long association with Oxford University Press; over 200 publications are available in the Oxford catalogue.
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