A History Of The United States

Doubleday, Abner: Reminiscences of Forts Sumter and Moultrie: In 186-'61. Reprint der Ausgabe New York, Harper, 1876. Digital Scanning Inc, 2001. ISBN: 9781582182803
Sehr gut erhalten. ** Der Sezessionskrieg (auch Amerikanischer Bürgerkrieg) war der von 1861 bis 1865 währende militärische Konflikt zwischen den aus der Union der Vereinigten Staaten ausgetretenen Südstaaten - der Konföderation - und den in der Union verbliebenen Nordstaaten. Ursache war eine tiefe wirtschaftliche, soziale und politische Spaltung zwischen Nord- und Südstaaten, die vor allem in der Sklavereifrage zu Tage trat. Die sich seit etwa 1830 verschärfenden Konflikte eskalierten schließlich zum Krieg, als die meisten Südstaaten als Reaktion auf die Wahl Abraham Lincolns zum US-Präsidenten aus der Union austraten. Die bewaffneten Feindseligkeiten begannen mit der Beschießung Fort Sumters durch die Konföderierten am 12. April 1861 und endeten im Wesentlichen mit der Kapitulation der Nord-Virginia-Armee in Appomattox Court House am 9. April 1865. Die letzten konföderierten Truppen kapitulierten am 23. Juni 1865 in Texas. ** The American Civil War (1861-1865), also known as the War Between the States and several other names, was a civil war in the United States of America. Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy). Led by Jefferson Davis, they fought against the United States (the Union), which was supported by all the free states and the five border slave states. Union states were loosely referred to as "the North". In the presidential election of 1860, the Republican Party, led by Abraham Lincoln, had campaigned against the expansion of slavery beyond the states in which it already existed. The Republican victory in that election resulted in seven Southern states declaring their secession from the Union even before Lincoln took office on March 4, 1861. Both the outgoing and incoming US administrations rejected the legality of secession, considering it rebellion. Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a US military installation at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Lincoln responded by calling for a volunteer army from each state, leading to declarations of secession by four more Southern slave states. Both sides raised armies as the Union assumed control of the border states early in the war and established a naval blockade. In September 1862, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation made ending slavery in the South a war goal, and dissuaded the British from intervening. Confederate commander Robert E. Lee won battles in the east, but in 1863 his northward advance was turned back after the Battle of Gettysburg and, in the west, the Union gained control of the Mississippi River at the Battle of Vicksburg, thereby splitting the Confederacy. Long-term Union advantages in men and material were realized in 1864 when Ulysses S. Grant fought battles of attrition against Lee, while Union general William Sherman captured Atlanta, Georgia, and marched to the sea. Confederate resistance collapsed after Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. The American Civil War was the deadliest war in American history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 soldiers and an undetermined number of civilian casualties. It sped the abolishment of slavery in the United States, restored the Union and strengthened the role of the federal government. The social, political, economic and racial issues of the war decisively shaped the reconstruction era that lasted to 1877, and brought changes that helped make the country a united superpower. Einband gering berieben, sonst: Gut bis sehr gut erhalten. ** Der Sezessionskrieg (auch Amerikanischer Bürgerkrieg) war der von 1861 bis 1865 währende militärische Konflikt zwischen den aus der Union der Vereinigten Staaten ausgetretenen Südstaaten - der Konföderation - und den in der Union verbliebenen Nordstaaten. Ursache war eine tiefe wirtschaftliche, soziale und politische Spaltung zwischen Nord- und Südstaaten, die vor allem in der Sklavereifrage zu Tage trat. Die sich seit etwa 1830 verschärfenden Konflikte eskalierten schließlich zum Krieg, als die meisten Südstaaten als Reaktion auf die Wahl Abraham Lincolns zum US-Präsidenten aus der Union austraten. Die bewaffneten Feindseligkeiten begannen mit der Beschießung Fort Sumters durch die Konföderierten am 12. April 1861 und endeten im Wesentlichen mit der Kapitulation der Nord-Virginia-Armee in Appomattox Court House am 9. April 1865. Die letzten konföderierten Truppen kapitulierten am 23. Juni 1865 in Texas. ** The American Civil War (1861-1865), also known as the War Between the States and several other names, was a civil war in the United States of America. Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy). Led by Jefferson Davis, they fought against the United States (the Union), which was supported by all the free states and the five border slave states. Union states were loosely referred to as "the North". In the presidential election of 1860, the Republican Party, led by Abraham Lincoln, had campaigned against the expansion of slavery beyond the states in which it already existed. The Republican victory in that election resulted in seven Southern states declaring their secession from the Union even before Lincoln took office on March 4, 1861. Both the outgoing and incoming US administrations rejected the legality of secession, considering it rebellion. Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a US military installation at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Lincoln responded by calling for a volunteer army from each state, leading to declarations of secession by four more Southern slave states. Both sides raised armies as the Union assumed control of the border states early in the war and established a naval blockade. In September 1862, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation made ending slavery in the South a war goal, and dissuaded the British from intervening. Confederate commander Robert E. Lee won battles in the east, but in 1863 his northward advance was turned back after the Battle of Gettysburg and, in the west, the Union gained control of the Mississippi River at the Battle of Vicksburg, thereby splitting the Confederacy. Long-term Union advantages in men and material were realized in 1864 when Ulysses S. Grant fought battles of attrition against Lee, while Union general William Sherman captured Atlanta, Georgia, and marched to the sea. Confederate resistance collapsed after Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. The American Civil War was the deadliest war in American history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 soldiers and an undetermined number of civilian casualties. It sped the abolishment of slavery in the United States, restored the Union and strengthened the role of the federal government. The social, political, economic and racial issues of the war decisively shaped the reconstruction era that lasted to 1877, and brought changes that helped make the country a united superpower. ** Abner Doubleday presents a unique account from the Union side of the events leading up to and including the bombardment of Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, which ignited the American Civil War. His first-person details from inside the garrison are hard to find elsewhere. He was such a staunch Unionist that he recalls being the only officer of the garrison in favor of the election of Lincoln. He continually protests against what he saw as the inaction of his own commanders and higher echelons. He felt that the Rebellion could have been nipped in the bud, had proper action been taken. From the foregoing, it should be apparent that sympathizers of the Confederacy will disagree with Doubleday on many points. I should point out that there is only limited evidence that Abner Doubleday had anything to do with the invention of baseball. He did, however, earn a Congressional Medal of Honor at Gettysburg. - , ISBN: 1582182809

188 S. Pbd.

[SW: American history: c 1800 to c 1900, History of the Americas, Modern history to 20th century: c 1700 to c 1900, Fort Sumter (Charleston, S.C.), History, Military, History - U.S., United States - Civil War, History, History: American, USA]

Details

Callagher, Gary W.: Lee the Soldier. University of Nebraska Press, 1999. ISBN: 9780803270848
Einband gering berieben, sonst gut erhalten. ** Der Sezessionskrieg (auch Amerikanischer Bürgerkrieg) war der von 1861 bis 1865 währende militärische Konflikt zwischen den aus der Union der Vereinigten Staaten ausgetretenen Südstaaten - der Konföderation - und den in der Union verbliebenen Nordstaaten. Ursache war eine tiefe wirtschaftliche, soziale und politische Spaltung zwischen Nord- und Südstaaten, die vor allem in der Sklavereifrage zu Tage trat. Die sich seit etwa 1830 verschärfenden Konflikte eskalierten schließlich zum Krieg, als die meisten Südstaaten als Reaktion auf die Wahl Abraham Lincolns zum US-Präsidenten aus der Union austraten. Die bewaffneten Feindseligkeiten begannen mit der Beschießung Fort Sumters durch die Konföderierten am 12. April 1861 und endeten im Wesentlichen mit der Kapitulation der Nord-Virginia-Armee in Appomattox Court House am 9. April 1865. Die letzten konföderierten Truppen kapitulierten am 23. Juni 1865 in Texas. ** The American Civil War (1861-1865), also known as the War Between the States and several other names, was a civil war in the United States of America. Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy). Led by Jefferson Davis, they fought against the United States (the Union), which was supported by all the free states and the five border slave states. Union states were loosely referred to as "the North". In the presidential election of 1860, the Republican Party, led by Abraham Lincoln, had campaigned against the expansion of slavery beyond the states in which it already existed. The Republican victory in that election resulted in seven Southern states declaring their secession from the Union even before Lincoln took office on March 4, 1861. Both the outgoing and incoming US administrations rejected the legality of secession, considering it rebellion. Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a US military installation at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Lincoln responded by calling for a volunteer army from each state, leading to declarations of secession by four more Southern slave states. Both sides raised armies as the Union assumed control of the border states early in the war and established a naval blockade. In September 1862, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation made ending slavery in the South a war goal, and dissuaded the British from intervening. Confederate commander Robert E. Lee won battles in the east, but in 1863 his northward advance was turned back after the Battle of Gettysburg and, in the west, the Union gained control of the Mississippi River at the Battle of Vicksburg, thereby splitting the Confederacy. Long-term Union advantages in men and material were realized in 1864 when Ulysses S. Grant fought battles of attrition against Lee, while Union general William Sherman captured Atlanta, Georgia, and marched to the sea. Confederate resistance collapsed after Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. The American Civil War was the deadliest war in American history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 soldiers and an undetermined number of civilian casualties. It sped the abolishment of slavery in the United States, restored the Union and strengthened the role of the federal government. The social, political, economic and racial issues of the war decisively shaped the reconstruction era that lasted to 1877, and brought changes that helped make the country a united superpower. Einband gering berieben, sonst: Gut bis sehr gut erhalten. ** Der Sezessionskrieg (auch Amerikanischer Bürgerkrieg) war der von 1861 bis 1865 währende militärische Konflikt zwischen den aus der Union der Vereinigten Staaten ausgetretenen Südstaaten - der Konföderation - und den in der Union verbliebenen Nordstaaten. Ursache war eine tiefe wirtschaftliche, soziale und politische Spaltung zwischen Nord- und Südstaaten, die vor allem in der Sklavereifrage zu Tage trat. Die sich seit etwa 1830 verschärfenden Konflikte eskalierten schließlich zum Krieg, als die meisten Südstaaten als Reaktion auf die Wahl Abraham Lincolns zum US-Präsidenten aus der Union austraten. Die bewaffneten Feindseligkeiten begannen mit der Beschießung Fort Sumters durch die Konföderierten am 12. April 1861 und endeten im Wesentlichen mit der Kapitulation der Nord-Virginia-Armee in Appomattox Court House am 9. April 1865. Die letzten konföderierten Truppen kapitulierten am 23. Juni 1865 in Texas. ** The American Civil War (1861-1865), also known as the War Between the States and several other names, was a civil war in the United States of America. Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy). Led by Jefferson Davis, they fought against the United States (the Union), which was supported by all the free states and the five border slave states. Union states were loosely referred to as "the North". In the presidential election of 1860, the Republican Party, led by Abraham Lincoln, had campaigned against the expansion of slavery beyond the states in which it already existed. The Republican victory in that election resulted in seven Southern states declaring their secession from the Union even before Lincoln took office on March 4, 1861. Both the outgoing and incoming US administrations rejected the legality of secession, considering it rebellion. Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a US military installation at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Lincoln responded by calling for a volunteer army from each state, leading to declarations of secession by four more Southern slave states. Both sides raised armies as the Union assumed control of the border states early in the war and established a naval blockade. In September 1862, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation made ending slavery in the South a war goal, and dissuaded the British from intervening. Confederate commander Robert E. Lee won battles in the east, but in 1863 his northward advance was turned back after the Battle of Gettysburg and, in the west, the Union gained control of the Mississippi River at the Battle of Vicksburg, thereby splitting the Confederacy. Long-term Union advantages in men and material were realized in 1864 when Ulysses S. Grant fought battles of attrition against Lee, while Union general William Sherman captured Atlanta, Georgia, and marched to the sea. Confederate resistance collapsed after Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. The American Civil War was the deadliest war in American history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 soldiers and an undetermined number of civilian casualties. It sped the abolishment of slavery in the United States, restored the Union and strengthened the role of the federal government. The social, political, economic and racial issues of the war decisively shaped the reconstruction era that lasted to 1877, and brought changes that helped make the country a united superpower. ** This collection of essays scratches a bit of the luster off General Robert E. Lee by examining his ability as a commander. The 21 essays were authored by current researchers on the Civil War and by 19th century military analysts, including a Union veteran. There are five new articles in the book. The unifying theme of the articles is the questioning of Lee's role in the defeat of the Confederacy. Greatly admired by his troops, he plunged the Army of Northern Virginia into some of the most brutal fighting in military history. Lee the Soldier carefully weighs the notion that Lee's bold moves may have hastened the South's defeat. - , ISBN: 0803270844

648 S. Krt.

[SW: American history: c 1800 to c 1900, History of the Americas, Land forces & warfare, Modern history to 20th century: c 1700 to c 1900, Military History - U.S. Civil War, History, Biography / Autobiography, History: American, USA, Biography & Autobiography / Military]

Details

Hicken, Victor: Illinois in the Civil War. Univ of Illinois Pr, 1991. ISBN: 9780252061653
Sehr gut erhalten. ** Der Sezessionskrieg (auch Amerikanischer Bürgerkrieg) war der von 1861 bis 1865 währende militärische Konflikt zwischen den aus der Union der Vereinigten Staaten ausgetretenen Südstaaten - der Konföderation - und den in der Union verbliebenen Nordstaaten. Ursache war eine tiefe wirtschaftliche, soziale und politische Spaltung zwischen Nord- und Südstaaten, die vor allem in der Sklavereifrage zu Tage trat. Die sich seit etwa 1830 verschärfenden Konflikte eskalierten schließlich zum Krieg, als die meisten Südstaaten als Reaktion auf die Wahl Abraham Lincolns zum US-Präsidenten aus der Union austraten. Die bewaffneten Feindseligkeiten begannen mit der Beschießung Fort Sumters durch die Konföderierten am 12. April 1861 und endeten im Wesentlichen mit der Kapitulation der Nord-Virginia-Armee in Appomattox Court House am 9. April 1865. Die letzten konföderierten Truppen kapitulierten am 23. Juni 1865 in Texas. ** The American Civil War (1861-1865), also known as the War Between the States and several other names, was a civil war in the United States of America. Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy). Led by Jefferson Davis, they fought against the United States (the Union), which was supported by all the free states and the five border slave states. Union states were loosely referred to as "the North". In the presidential election of 1860, the Republican Party, led by Abraham Lincoln, had campaigned against the expansion of slavery beyond the states in which it already existed. The Republican victory in that election resulted in seven Southern states declaring their secession from the Union even before Lincoln took office on March 4, 1861. Both the outgoing and incoming US administrations rejected the legality of secession, considering it rebellion. Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a US military installation at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Lincoln responded by calling for a volunteer army from each state, leading to declarations of secession by four more Southern slave states. Both sides raised armies as the Union assumed control of the border states early in the war and established a naval blockade. In September 1862, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation made ending slavery in the South a war goal, and dissuaded the British from intervening. Confederate commander Robert E. Lee won battles in the east, but in 1863 his northward advance was turned back after the Battle of Gettysburg and, in the west, the Union gained control of the Mississippi River at the Battle of Vicksburg, thereby splitting the Confederacy. Long-term Union advantages in men and material were realized in 1864 when Ulysses S. Grant fought battles of attrition against Lee, while Union general William Sherman captured Atlanta, Georgia, and marched to the sea. Confederate resistance collapsed after Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. The American Civil War was the deadliest war in American history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 soldiers and an undetermined number of civilian casualties. It sped the abolishment of slavery in the United States, restored the Union and strengthened the role of the federal government. The social, political, economic and racial issues of the war decisively shaped the reconstruction era that lasted to 1877, and brought changes that helped make the country a united superpower. Einband gering berieben, sonst: Gut bis sehr gut erhalten. ** Der Sezessionskrieg (auch Amerikanischer Bürgerkrieg) war der von 1861 bis 1865 währende militärische Konflikt zwischen den aus der Union der Vereinigten Staaten ausgetretenen Südstaaten - der Konföderation - und den in der Union verbliebenen Nordstaaten. Ursache war eine tiefe wirtschaftliche, soziale und politische Spaltung zwischen Nord- und Südstaaten, die vor allem in der Sklavereifrage zu Tage trat. Die sich seit etwa 1830 verschärfenden Konflikte eskalierten schließlich zum Krieg, als die meisten Südstaaten als Reaktion auf die Wahl Abraham Lincolns zum US-Präsidenten aus der Union austraten. Die bewaffneten Feindseligkeiten begannen mit der Beschießung Fort Sumters durch die Konföderierten am 12. April 1861 und endeten im Wesentlichen mit der Kapitulation der Nord-Virginia-Armee in Appomattox Court House am 9. April 1865. Die letzten konföderierten Truppen kapitulierten am 23. Juni 1865 in Texas. ** The American Civil War (1861-1865), also known as the War Between the States and several other names, was a civil war in the United States of America. Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy). Led by Jefferson Davis, they fought against the United States (the Union), which was supported by all the free states and the five border slave states. Union states were loosely referred to as "the North". In the presidential election of 1860, the Republican Party, led by Abraham Lincoln, had campaigned against the expansion of slavery beyond the states in which it already existed. The Republican victory in that election resulted in seven Southern states declaring their secession from the Union even before Lincoln took office on March 4, 1861. Both the outgoing and incoming US administrations rejected the legality of secession, considering it rebellion. Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a US military installation at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Lincoln responded by calling for a volunteer army from each state, leading to declarations of secession by four more Southern slave states. Both sides raised armies as the Union assumed control of the border states early in the war and established a naval blockade. In September 1862, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation made ending slavery in the South a war goal, and dissuaded the British from intervening. Confederate commander Robert E. Lee won battles in the east, but in 1863 his northward advance was turned back after the Battle of Gettysburg and, in the west, the Union gained control of the Mississippi River at the Battle of Vicksburg, thereby splitting the Confederacy. Long-term Union advantages in men and material were realized in 1864 when Ulysses S. Grant fought battles of attrition against Lee, while Union general William Sherman captured Atlanta, Georgia, and marched to the sea. Confederate resistance collapsed after Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. The American Civil War was the deadliest war in American history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 soldiers and an undetermined number of civilian casualties. It sped the abolishment of slavery in the United States, restored the Union and strengthened the role of the federal government. The social, political, economic and racial issues of the war decisively shaped the reconstruction era that lasted to 1877, and brought changes that helped make the country a united superpower. ** This book revolutionized civil war history in American when it was first published. The expanded second edition adds to the fame of this major American historian. Simply put - an excellently written book. - , ISBN: 0252061659

464 S. Kart.

[SW: American history: c 1800 to c 1900, History of the Americas, Illinois - History - Civil War, 1861-1865, United States - History - Civil War, 1861-1865 - Campaigns, History, History - U.S., United States, Civil War Period (1850-1877), Military, The Americas]

Details

F. Butler, Benjamin, Mimi Brodeur and Edward G. Longacre: Mushroom Cookbook: Recipes for White & Exotic Varieties: General Benjamin F. Butler and the Army of the James, 1863-1865. Stackpole Books, 1997. ISBN: 9780811701365
Sehr gut erhalten. ** Der Sezessionskrieg (auch Amerikanischer Bürgerkrieg) war der von 1861 bis 1865 währende militärische Konflikt zwischen den aus der Union der Vereinigten Staaten ausgetretenen Südstaaten - der Konföderation - und den in der Union verbliebenen Nordstaaten. Ursache war eine tiefe wirtschaftliche, soziale und politische Spaltung zwischen Nord- und Südstaaten, die vor allem in der Sklavereifrage zu Tage trat. Die sich seit etwa 1830 verschärfenden Konflikte eskalierten schließlich zum Krieg, als die meisten Südstaaten als Reaktion auf die Wahl Abraham Lincolns zum US-Präsidenten aus der Union austraten. Die bewaffneten Feindseligkeiten begannen mit der Beschießung Fort Sumters durch die Konföderierten am 12. April 1861 und endeten im Wesentlichen mit der Kapitulation der Nord-Virginia-Armee in Appomattox Court House am 9. April 1865. Die letzten konföderierten Truppen kapitulierten am 23. Juni 1865 in Texas. ** The American Civil War (1861-1865), also known as the War Between the States and several other names, was a civil war in the United States of America. Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy). Led by Jefferson Davis, they fought against the United States (the Union), which was supported by all the free states and the five border slave states. Union states were loosely referred to as "the North". In the presidential election of 1860, the Republican Party, led by Abraham Lincoln, had campaigned against the expansion of slavery beyond the states in which it already existed. The Republican victory in that election resulted in seven Southern states declaring their secession from the Union even before Lincoln took office on March 4, 1861. Both the outgoing and incoming US administrations rejected the legality of secession, considering it rebellion. Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a US military installation at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Lincoln responded by calling for a volunteer army from each state, leading to declarations of secession by four more Southern slave states. Both sides raised armies as the Union assumed control of the border states early in the war and established a naval blockade. In September 1862, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation made ending slavery in the South a war goal, and dissuaded the British from intervening. Confederate commander Robert E. Lee won battles in the east, but in 1863 his northward advance was turned back after the Battle of Gettysburg and, in the west, the Union gained control of the Mississippi River at the Battle of Vicksburg, thereby splitting the Confederacy. Long-term Union advantages in men and material were realized in 1864 when Ulysses S. Grant fought battles of attrition against Lee, while Union general William Sherman captured Atlanta, Georgia, and marched to the sea. Confederate resistance collapsed after Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. The American Civil War was the deadliest war in American history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 soldiers and an undetermined number of civilian casualties. It sped the abolishment of slavery in the United States, restored the Union and strengthened the role of the federal government. The social, political, economic and racial issues of the war decisively shaped the reconstruction era that lasted to 1877, and brought changes that helped make the country a united superpower. Einband gering berieben, sonst: Gut bis sehr gut erhalten. ** Der Sezessionskrieg (auch Amerikanischer Bürgerkrieg) war der von 1861 bis 1865 währende militärische Konflikt zwischen den aus der Union der Vereinigten Staaten ausgetretenen Südstaaten - der Konföderation - und den in der Union verbliebenen Nordstaaten. Ursache war eine tiefe wirtschaftliche, soziale und politische Spaltung zwischen Nord- und Südstaaten, die vor allem in der Sklavereifrage zu Tage trat. Die sich seit etwa 1830 verschärfenden Konflikte eskalierten schließlich zum Krieg, als die meisten Südstaaten als Reaktion auf die Wahl Abraham Lincolns zum US-Präsidenten aus der Union austraten. Die bewaffneten Feindseligkeiten begannen mit der Beschießung Fort Sumters durch die Konföderierten am 12. April 1861 und endeten im Wesentlichen mit der Kapitulation der Nord-Virginia-Armee in Appomattox Court House am 9. April 1865. Die letzten konföderierten Truppen kapitulierten am 23. Juni 1865 in Texas. ** The American Civil War (1861-1865), also known as the War Between the States and several other names, was a civil war in the United States of America. Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy). Led by Jefferson Davis, they fought against the United States (the Union), which was supported by all the free states and the five border slave states. Union states were loosely referred to as "the North". In the presidential election of 1860, the Republican Party, led by Abraham Lincoln, had campaigned against the expansion of slavery beyond the states in which it already existed. The Republican victory in that election resulted in seven Southern states declaring their secession from the Union even before Lincoln took office on March 4, 1861. Both the outgoing and incoming US administrations rejected the legality of secession, considering it rebellion. Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a US military installation at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Lincoln responded by calling for a volunteer army from each state, leading to declarations of secession by four more Southern slave states. Both sides raised armies as the Union assumed control of the border states early in the war and established a naval blockade. In September 1862, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation made ending slavery in the South a war goal, and dissuaded the British from intervening. Confederate commander Robert E. Lee won battles in the east, but in 1863 his northward advance was turned back after the Battle of Gettysburg and, in the west, the Union gained control of the Mississippi River at the Battle of Vicksburg, thereby splitting the Confederacy. Long-term Union advantages in men and material were realized in 1864 when Ulysses S. Grant fought battles of attrition against Lee, while Union general William Sherman captured Atlanta, Georgia, and marched to the sea. Confederate resistance collapsed after Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. The American Civil War was the deadliest war in American history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 soldiers and an undetermined number of civilian casualties. It sped the abolishment of slavery in the United States, restored the Union and strengthened the role of the federal government. The social, political, economic and racial issues of the war decisively shaped the reconstruction era that lasted to 1877, and brought changes that helped make the country a united superpower. - , ISBN: 0811701360

325 S. Hln.m.OU

[SW: American history: c 1800 to c 1900, Civil war, Warfare & defence, Military History - U.S. Civil War, History, History - U.S., History: American, USA, History / United States / Civil War Period (1850-1877), United States - Civil War]

Details