Bussaco 1810: Wellington Defeats Napoleon's Marshals (Praeger Illustrated Military History Series) - Hardcover

Despite having repulsed French attacks at Talavera in July 1809, by 1810 Viscount Wellington had been forced onto the defensive. Napoleon was not about to give up and ordered a third massive invasion of Portugal. Wellington now faced by 80,000 men of the Army of Portugal under Marshal Massena. Massena besieged and captured the key frontier fortress of Ciudad Rodrigo and then invaded Portugal itself. Wellington withdrew slowly in the face of Massena's advance. But at Bussaco on 27 September the British/Portuguese force offered battle. Massna was perhaps too confident; the determined attacks of the French were all repulsed with the loss of 4,500 French casualties against less than 1,300 for the Anglo-Portuguese. Knowing his position would be turned, Wellington then withdrew into the defense lines around Lisbon of which the French had been completely unaware. Bussaco, a stinging defeat for the French army, also demonstrated the courage and quality of the newly reorganized Portuguese army.

RENE CHARTRAND was a senior curator with Canada's National Historic Sites for 30 years, and is now a freelance writer and historical consultant. He has written numerous articles and books.